17 Oct Understanding Periodontal Disease in Cats: Causes, Symptoms, and Prevention
Periodontal disease, a common yet often overlooked health issue in cats, is a progressive condition that affects the gums and supporting structures of the teeth. Just like in humans, cats can suffer from the buildup of plaque and tartar, leading to gingivitis and potentially more severe dental problems if left untreated. In fact, periodontal disease is one of the most prevalent conditions diagnosed in felines, affecting a significant percentage of cats over three. Understanding the nature of this disease, its causes, symptoms, and how to prevent it is crucial for ensuring the long-term health and well-being of your cat.
What is Periodontal Disease?
Periodontal disease in cats is an infection and inflammation of the periodontium, the tissues surrounding and supporting the teeth. It typically begins with gingivitis, where plaque, a sticky film of bacteria, accumulates on the teeth. When plaque is not removed through regular cleaning, it hardens into tartar (calculus), which irritates the gums and leads to gingivitis.
If gingivitis is left untreated, it can progress into periodontitis. At this stage, the inflammation becomes more severe, destroying gum tissue and the bone that supports the teeth. Advanced periodontal disease can cause tooth loss, oral pain, and even systemic issues as bacteria from the mouth enter the bloodstream and affect other organs like the heart and kidneys.
Causes of Periodontal Disease in Cats
The primary cause of periodontal disease in feline patients is poor oral hygiene, which allows plaque and tartar to build up. Other contributing factors include:
Diet
Cats fed a soft or wet diet may be more prone to periodontal disease because these foods tend to stick to the teeth, promoting bacterial growth.
Age
Older cats are more susceptible to the disease due to the long-term accumulation of plaque and tartar.
Breed
Some breeds, particularly those with short, flat faces like Persians and Siamese, are more prone to dental problems due to the structure of their jaws and teeth.
Symptoms to Watch For
Periodontal disease often goes unnoticed until it has reached an advanced stage because cats are adept at hiding pain and discomfort. However, several signs may indicate your cat is suffering from dental problems:
- Bad breath (halitosis)
- Red, swollen, or bleeding gums
- Difficulty eating or chewing food
- Drooling excessively
- Pawing at the mouth
- Tooth loss or loose teeth
- Reduced appetite or weight loss
If any of these symptoms are observed, we recommend bringing your cat to visit our Board Certified Veterinary Dentists™ for an oral examination.
Prevention and Treatment of Periodontal Disease in Cats
Preventing periodontal disease in cats involves establishing a regular dental care routine. Here are some key steps from our team!
Regular Dental Check-ups
Annual veterinary visits should include an oral examination. In some cases, professional cleaning under anesthesia may be recommended to remove tartar and address any early signs of gum disease.
Daily Brushing
Brushing your cat’s teeth daily with toothpaste formulated for cats is the most effective way to prevent plaque buildup. Although many cats may resist at first, gradual training and using flavored toothpaste can make the process easier.
Dental Diets and Treats
Specially formulated dental diets and treats can help reduce tartar buildup by mechanically cleaning the teeth as your cat chews. These products are designed to scrub away plaque before it hardens into tartar.
Dental Toys
Chew toys designed for dental health can also help reduce plaque and tartar, providing both stimulation and cleaning.
If your cat is diagnosed with periodontal disease, treatment may involve professional dental cleaning, extractions of severely affected teeth, or antibiotics to control infection.
Feline Dental Health in Missoula
Periodontal disease is a serious but preventable condition in cats. Early detection and consistent oral care are essential to avoiding painful complications and maintaining your cat’s overall health and well-being. By implementing regular dental hygiene practices and staying vigilant for signs of periodontal disease, you can ensure that your feline companion enjoys a long, healthy life free of dental problems. If you suspect that your cat has any oral health issues, please contact our team to book a consultation for your pet!
Images used under creative commons license – commercial use (10/17/2024) Image by Pasi Mämmelä from Pixabay